Ejector.



M. LEBLANC.

EJECTOR. APPLICATION FILED JULY 25. I906.

Patented May 4, 1915.

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M. LEBLANC.

EJECTOR.

APPLICATION FILED JULY26, 1906.

1 7 77 Patented May 4, 1915;

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WITNESSES; INVENTOR.

Mel K c M. LEBLANC.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MAURICE LEBLANC, a citizen of the Republic ofFrance, residing at Villa Montmorency, Auteuil, Paris,

France, have made saw and useful Invention in Ejectors, of which thefollowing is a specification.

In a previous application (filed February 10, 1904, Serial No. 192,908,)I have described a system of cooling a-current of waterthis apparatuswith a view to obtaining a greater vacuum in the receiver whichitexhausts and by increasing its efliciency. In the application abovereferred to I dealt principally with domestic apparatus, and I thereproposed to use steam at atmospheric pressure as a source of ener Inorder to provide for the flow of this steam, it was necessary tosupplement its deficiency in pressure, and with that object Icaused itto exhaust into anozzle traversed by a current of water delivered underpressure. In industrial apparatus of this character steam is suppliedfrom high pressure boilers, in which case it is unnecessary to providefor the flow of steam bycreating a preliminary vacuum. I

In the simple apparatus forming the subject-matter of the presentapplication, the vapor supplied to the ejector exhausts and deliversdirectly to the atmosphere not only the vapor and the air which itcarries with it but also the condensing water.

Inthe accompanying'drawings Figures 1 to 4 are diagrammatic viewsshowingvarious known forms of ejectors; Fig. 5 1s a diagram showing thevariations in pressure in the ejector shown in Fig. 4; Fi 6 is adiagrammatic .view showing one orm of the improved ejector according tothis invention;' and, Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic view showing amodification of the ejector shown in Fi with areceiven-3 in which thevacuum is to be created there rojects a nozzle 4 traversed either bysteam mm a boiler or a current of Specification of Letters Patent.

e. r I Re erring to:Fig-. 1, an'ejector is usually compressed air or gasor someliquid under" pressure: The nozzle 4 exhausts into a con-'-vergent nozzle 5 in which the exhausting fluid is mixed with the fluidexhausted. The nozzle 5 is extended by a delivery passage,- generallyformed as a divergent nozzle The nozzle 6 exhausts into a space 7 underof -the atmosphere. In the nozzle, 4 the pressure energy of theexhausting fluid is transformed and rendered available in the PatentedMay 4, 1915. Application filed J'uly 26.1903. fSrialNo.827,918.

constant-fluid pressure, which may be that form of kinetic energy. This.fluid as it flows carries with it the fluid contained in the chamber'l,and which comes from the a receiver 3. The exhausting and exhaustedfluids intermingle in theconvergentnozzle 5 so as to form a homogeneousfluid, eve

molecule of' which has" the same spee Finally, the kinetic energy ofthis'mixture is transformed intothe work of compression in the divergentnozzle 6. The ejector nozzle 4 has a very high efficiency whenproportioned according to the laws of thermodynamics in the case ofcompressible fluids, and according to the rules laid down by M. Rateauin'the Annalee des M fines published January, 1902.

The loss of energy which Wlll take place in the combining nozzle 5during the process of equalization of the rates of flow of theexhausting and exhausted. fluids is determined by mechanical laws Itdepends on the weight of fluid exhausted by each unit of exhaustingfluid. It is hardly possible to improve the efliciency of the nozzles 4and 5.

On the other hand, with the form which is generally given to thedivergent nozzle 6, a high efliciencv is impossible when the fluidmixture flowing througlr'it is. compressible unless the ratio ofpressures at the inlet is at least equal to 0.5 of the outlet pressure.This efiiciency' diminishes very quickly when this ratio decreases. Butin every casein point this ratiowould always be very'small. Let us takefor'example a nozzle through which steam flows from a boiler atapre'ssure P and which is exhausted into areceiver at a pressure p. Itis known (see Rateau, Annalee (lea Miner of January, 1902) that as ionas the pressure p is greater than 0.58 the nozzle should be convergent(see Fig. 2). (In the case of compressed air 0.58 should be replaced by0.52). If -the pressure p is smaller than 0.58 P the nozzle should becomposed of two parts, the one convergent" and the other divergent. (SeeFig. 3).

The pressure at the throat of the nozzle, that is to say at the junctionof the converging and diverging parts, is always equal to 0.58 P,whatever the pressure at the outlet mav be.

If the nozzle be prolonged so that the steamwhen exhausted will haveattained a pressure precisely equal to the desired exhaust pressure, thekineticenergy which it will possess at this moment will be very nearlyequal to the Work which it would have performed in a perfect machinewitha boiler pressureP and condenser pressure p. Lotus suppose that itisdesired to use this kinetic energy to cause the return of the steamissuing from the nozzle from a chamber at a pressure p to a chamber at ahigher pressure. If the nozzles 4:, 5 and 6 have 'eachan eficien'cy of1, the steam could'be returned to the boiler at the pressure P. At

some point in the nozzle 6 the steam attains an intermediate pressure p,a velocity and density equaling that of the steam at a particular pointin the nozzle 4:. Consequently the nozzle 6should provide for thepassage of the steam at a pressure p, the same crosssectional area asthe nozzle 4; in other words,

the nozzle 6 should have the same propor-' tion as the nozzle 4. Itshouldtherefor'e be a divergent cone wheneverp is greater than or atleast equal to 0.58 P, and should be a convergent .cone followed by adivergent cone whenever p is less than 0.58 P.

To simplify my reasoning I have su posed that the efi'iciency of thenozzles 4 ant? 6 was in each case equal to 1;, my conclusions will.

be but slightly modified if these efiiciencies are high. When therelation p is small diffuser should be composed of a long conv vergent.cone followed by a small divergent cone as shown inFig. 4, th'e diameterof the inletorifice of'the distributer being large in proportion to thatof the throat.

The pressure should vary throughout the length of the nozzles 4 of theejector, and 5 and 6 of the diffuser (Fig. 4) as shown by the-curve inFig. 5. But experience has shown that this is not the case. Such anozzle 5, 6 would in some manner cause anobstruction. The pressure wouldrise suddenlyintheimmediate neighborhood of the inlet I and.theremainder of the nozzle would be havelike a Venturi cone, .where thepres sure would pass at a minimumto the point' ofthe throat.v Thisobstruction wouldbe due vto the fact that the pressure would rise I in'the wide partsof the nozzlein'stead of Erising especially in the. narrowparts, which would necessitate a much greater increase of the quantityof-motion, and consequently of kinetic energy,- for overcoming a likedifference in pressure. I have avoided this by preventing the pressure.from rising more rapidly than it should in the convergent part of thenozzle. In order to do this I have arranged the nozzle as shown'iaFigL-e. I form the convergent part by means of a series of truncatedcones.8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 arranged one after the other as shown, andwhich may be considered as consecutive portions of the convergent coneof Fig. 4.

These various truncated cones are each supported by diaphragms 24arranged perpendicularly to the axis of the cones,-thus forming se aratechambers 13, 14, 15, 16,17 and 18. ach of these diaphragms has a valveas shown at 19, 20,- 21, 22 and 23; these valves open in a directionopposite to the direction of motion of the fluid in thev nozzle; theyare loaded with adjustable weights or springs which may be regulated inaccordance with a certain law.

Under these conditions the difierence in pressure which maybe-developedby the nozzle between two consecutive chambers islimited, and the :limitdepends only upon the load on thevalve which affords communicationbetween these two chambers. The

difference in pressure between-the ends of each truncated cone 812 iscontrolled in the same manner. If we designate by p the difl'erence inpressure at the ends of'one of these truncated cones, by a thecross-sec: tional area" atthe inlet, by m the mass of the fluid whichflows through it during each second, and'by do the diminution in speedto which the fluid is subjected during its passage, we shall have: m ded [1, all the other cross-sectional'areas of this truncated cone. beingsmaller than the cross-sectional.

The loads on the valves are arranged so that the pressure increasesalong the whole length of the improved nozzle in proportion to thediminution toward the outlet in crosssectional area, following a lawwhich ap= preaches as nearlyas ossible to that which would give the beste ciency and which has been sufliciently described above.

In Fig. 6 the valves 19,20, 21, 22 and 23 consist of hinged plates heldby adjustable weights 25 in a position in which they close an openingmade in the walls ,or die hragms plicable whenever the mixture of fluidswhich is to flow therethrough is compres sible such for example as whena liqu d is In the I arrangement utilized for gas or vapor of any kind,or when a current of gas or vapor is utilized to entrain gas vapor, or acombinatlon of any two or of all of these fluids. This arrange--utilization of my invention will be the one with which I may have "tocontend and which is covered by the system of ejectors shown in Fig. 7This ejector has a nozzle 4 in which the cross-sectional area of thethroat may be varied at will by inserting more or less a taper plug 26by means of suitable mechanism, for the purpose of facilitating thestarting. The cross-sectional area of the throat might be left constantby utilizing an arrangement which would permit of the advance orwithdrawal of the nozzle with respect to the inlet of the combining anddelivery nozzle. The convergent part of this nozzle will comprise ingeneral an initial convergent truncated cone 27 with a free outletarranged so that the pressure cannot increase in advance of thecombining cone. The cone 27 is followed by a series of truncated conessuch as 28, 29, 30 opening into chambers 31, 32, 33 respectively, eachof which communicates with the anterior chamber by the respective valves36, 35, 34.

The chambers 31, 32, 33 are cylindrical and the valves consist of simplecircular washers guided in their movements by cylindrical parts 37 whichslide along stationary cylinders 38 surrounding each of the cones 2a,29, a0.

It will be understood that the number in the series of truncated cones28, 29, 30 has been made equal to 3 by way of example only and that thenumber may be made as large as desirable.

If the fluid mixture which flows through the delivery cone is notcondensable or does not require to be condensed, the convergent conewill simply be extended by a divergent cone.

Assuming that steam flows through the nozzle 4: and that this steamcarries with it steaurflowing through the pipe 2 into the chamber 1,there will be a zone in which the mixture of steam, passing through theconvergent cone will have a pressure equal to the tension of the vaporof the condensing water, which may be available. Assuming that this tookplace at the outlet of the cone 30, this outlet might be arranged at the2 middle of another cone 39; the annular space between these two conescommunicating by a pipe 40 with a source of condensing water. Thecondensation will take place either in the cone 39 or in the followingcones 4'1, 42.

A rise in pressure in the cones 39, 41, 42 can be restricted as beforeand by the same means, that is to say by the use 'of valves 34, 43, 4A,and atmospheric pressure will be finally attained at the outlet :of acone 45.

When condensing water under pressure is being used the precedingarrangement can only 'be started by adjusting the plug26 in the nozzle4. If this were not the case and if the condensation water had to beexhausted, it would be necessary that at the moment of starting thepressure of steam at the end of the cone 30 should be greater than theatmospheric pressure to such an extent that the discharge of steam mightbe capable of creating sufficient vacuum in the pipe 10 to insure therise of the water. For this it would be necessary that the reservoirinto which the pipe 2 opens should be capable of resisting a pressureconsiderably greater than atmospheric pressure, whereas in normalservice, it should, on the contrary, be capable of resisting a vacuum.As this may have some disadvantages it will be preferable to cause thecone 45 "to project into the delivery cone of a small steam ejector e6,exhausting into the atmosphere at 47 and supplied by steam underpressure through apipe 48. This small ejector will serve simply to startthe supply of water through the pipe 40 and it would be stopped as soonas the water flows out at 47.

The apparatus which I have described has been more especially designedfor the purpose of producing, by means of a current of steam, asufficiently large vacuum to insure not only the ebullition of water at0 C-., but 1 also the formation of ice or the ebullition of Watercharged with salts which render it incongealable at temperatures below 0C. But it is understood that my improved nozzle is applicable to every.jet apparatus 11 which is intended to pass a mixture of compressiblefluids, but one part of which may I be liquid from a reservoir at acertain pressure into a reservoir at a higher pressure, and that it canbe employed to create a 11 vacuum in a receiver or as a compressor.

What I claim is:

1. In an ejector, a fluid-supply nozzle, a fluid-controlling valvetherefor, a receiving chamber communicating therewith, a series 1 ofaxially alined, truncated coneshaped members arranged to form aconverging fluid passage, which communicates with said receiving chamberand receives fluid therefrom, a chamber between adjacent members, 1 aliquid admission port communicating with the outlet of the last memberof said series and a second series of convergent members andintermediate communicating chambers cooperating with said first series.

2. In an ejector, a receiving chamber, a convergent and divergent nozzlecommunicating therewith, a convergent passage comprising a plurality oftruncated cone-shaped members communicating with and receiving fluidfrom said receiving chamber, a chamber between adjacent members, a valvebetween adjacent members and the first of said chambers and saidreceiving chamber and a divergent nozzle communicating with the last ofsaid chambers and receiving motive fluid from said converging passage. I

3. In an ejector, the combination of a receiving chamber, a convergentand divergent fluid injector communicating therewith, a divergent fluidpassage comprising a plurality of truncated cone-shaped memberscommunicating with said receiving chamber and receiving fluid from saidinjector, a chamber between adjacent members, valved ports connectingadjacent members, a valved port connectingthe first of said chamberswith said receiving chamber and a divergent nozzle communicating withthe outlet of said divergent passage.

4. In combination with a receiving chamber, a fluid injectorcommunicating therewith, a fluid passage comprising a plurality ofaxially-alined converging members communicating with said receivingchamber,

' pressure chambers between adjacent members, a valved opening betweenadjacent chambers and a divergent nozzle communicating with the last ofsaid convergent members.

5. In combination with a receiving chamber, a fluid ejecting devicecommunicating therewith and comprising a plurality of axially alinedconverging nozzle sections, a separate chamber communicating with theinlet end of each of said sections, and a valved passage establishingcommunication between the chambers of adjacent sections.

6. In combination with a receiving chamber, a convergent divergentnozzle communicating therewith and comprising a plurality of axiallyalined nozzle sections, a separate pressure chamber communicating withthe inlet end of each section, and a valved passage establishingcommunication between chambers of adjacent sections.

7. In combination with a receiving chamber, a plurality of pressurechambers communicating therewith, a fluid nozzle and a passage betweeneach two adjacent chambers,

.and a valve responsive to fluid pressure in one direction only,controlling the delivery of fluid through each of said passages.

8. In an ejector, a series of chambers, a fluid nozzle and a passagebetween each two adjacent chambers of said series, and a separate valveresponsive to fluid pressure for controlling the delivery of fluidthrough each of said passages.

9. In an e ector, a series of pressure chambars, a fluid nozzle betweeneach two adjacent chambers, and means for maintaining predeterminedrelative pressures between the chambers of said series.

10. In an ejector, a receiving chamber, a series of pressure chamberscommunicating therewith, a nozzle section, and a valved portestablishing communication between each two adjacent chambers ofsaidseries.

11. In an ejector device adapted to be operated by elastic fluid forproducing a vacuum, a motive fluid admission nozzle, a con-' vergentnozzle into which the admission nozzle is adapted to discharge and meansfor automatically governing the pressure of the fluid in its passagethrough saidconvergent nozzle.

12. In an ejector device adapted to be operated by elastic fluid, anadmission nozzle for the motive fluid, a convergent nozzle formed of aplurality of alined and separated sections and means for automaticallycontrolling the fluid pressure between any two adjacent sections of saidconvergent nozzle.

13. In an ejector device adapted to be operated by elastic'fluid, areceiving chamber, a motive fluid admission nozzle communieating withsaid chamber, a convergent nozzle communicating with said chamber andmade up of a number of alined and separated nozzle sections and pressureoperated means whereby the fluid pressure at the outlet of said sectionsis automatically controlled.

14. In an ejector device, a chamber for connection with the device to beevacuated, a convergent cone or nozzle communicating with said chamberand made up of a plurality of separated cone nozzle sections, a motivefluid admission nozzle arranged so as to discharge into the first ofsaid sections and means operable by the pressure at the outlets of saidsections for preventing the pressure in said convergent nozzle fromexceeding a predetermined pressure.

15. In an ejector device for compressible. fluids, a' motive fluidadmission nozzle, a convergent nozzle the outlet of which is arranged toreceive the motive fluid and the fluid to be acted upon and which ismade up of separated alined sections and means for automaticallycontrolling the pressure at the outlet of each of such sections.

16. In an ejector device for compressible fluids, an admission nozzlefor motive fluid,

a mixing cone communicating with the source of fluid to be ejected andwith said nozzle, and means for varying the effective length of saidcone by discharging fluid 12 i source of compressible-fluid to beejected, and alined with said nozzle, and means 'for placing variouspoints along the cone in communication with the inlet end of the cone,during the operation of starting the device.

18. In combination in an ejector, an admission nozzle for motive fluid,a mixing cone communicating therewith, and means for discharging fluidfrom said cone along its length during the operation of starting saidejector.

19. In combination in an ejector, an admission nozzle for motive fluid,a mixing cone communicating therewith, and means responsive tovariations of fluid pressure within said cone for discharging fluid fromsaid cone at points along its length during the operation of startingthe ejector.

20. In combination in an ejector, an admission nozzle for motive fluid,a mixing cone communicating therewith and provided with apertureslocated at points along its length, and means for controlling the flowthrough the successive apertures during the operation of starting saidejector.

21. In combination in an ejector, an admission nozzle for motive fluid,a mixing cone provided with apertures located along its length, andvalves operated by'the fluid pressure Within said cone for controllingthe flow of the fluid through said apertures during the operation or"starting said ejector.

22. In an ejector, an admission nozzle for motive fluid, a mixing conecommunicating therewith and provided with a series of apertures arrangedlengthwise the walls of the cone, and a corresponding series of normallyclosed non-return valves controlling the flow of the fluid through saidapertures so that the pressure within said cone cannot exceed thepressure exterior thereto an appreciable amount.

23. In an ejector, an admission nozzle for motive fluid, means forentraining the fluid to be exhausted, a receiving chamber, a mixing conelocated in said receiving chamber and provided with a series ofapertures arranged along the cone, and a corresponding series, ofnormally closed non-return valves controlling the flow of the fluidthrough said apertures so that the pressure in the said nozzle andcomprising a series of truncated cones so arranged as to provide aclearance space between the outlet of one cone. and the inlet of thenext succeeding cone, and normally closed non-return valves controllingthe delivery of fluid through said clearance spaces.

25. In an ejector operated by elastic vfluid, an admission nozzle foroperating fluid, means for entraining the fluid to be exhausted, areceiver chamber, a mixing cone located in said chamber and comprising aseries of truncated cones so arranged as to provide a-clearanc'e spacebetween the, outlet of one cone and the inlet of the next succeedingcone,-passages connecting said clearance space with the receiverchamber, and

' normally'closed non-return valves control- .ling said passa es so thatthe fluid can pass through said c earance space and passages into saidreceiver "chamber when the pressure in said receiver chamber isappreciably less than the pressure in said mixing cone.

26. In an ejector device for compressible fluids, an admission nozzlefor motive fluid, a combined convergent divergent tube communicatingwith the source of fluid to be ejected and having a discharge portintermediate the inlet and the outlet ends thereor, fordischargingex'cess fluid traversing the tube during the operation ofstarting the ejector. Y

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name this tenth dayof July, 1906.

MAURICE LueLANc;

Witnesses mum Dams, HERNANDO on SOTO.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 1,137,767, granted May4, 1915, upon the application of Maurice Leblanc, of Paris, France, foran improvement in Ejectors, an error appears in the printedspecification requiring correctlon as follows: Page 2, line 40, for theletter read and that the said Letters Patent should be read with thiscorrection therein that-the same may conferm to the record of the caseinthePatent Oflice.

Signed and sealed this 6th day of July, A. D., 1915.

[SEAL] n. F. WHITEHEA'D,

1 Acting Commissioner of Patents.

